Spain is well known for its magnificient wines, especially Rioja wines and Ribera del Duero wines made from the Tempranillo grape.
Spain's winemaking history spans 3,000 years and faced significant challenges. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the invasion of barbaric tribes resulted in the widespread destruction and loss of Spanish vineyards. Vineyards thrived again until the Moors' rule (711-1492 AD) which banned winemaking.
In 1860, the first bodegas emerged in Rioja. French winemaker Jean Pireau was invited to introduce Bordeaux winemaking methods to local winemakers. Soon, Rioja winemakers, once sceptical of foreign techniques, embraced this successful model. Meanwhile, France faced the phylloxera crises, leading to increased imports of Rioja and Navarra wines, further infusing French influence and expertise into these regions.
In the 1950s, under the rule of dictator Francisco Franco, wine cooperatives proliferated, resulting in overproduction of low-cost bulk wines sold under brand names or generic labels. Quality declined but due to the influence of foreign makers, international grapes and new wine laws, Spanish wine making flourished again since the 1980's.
Spain has the largest number of vineyards in the world. However, it does not have the highest production. That would be Italy first, with France as a close second. The reason for this is the density of the vineyards, and the yield per hectare.